The surname Harriot originates from England and dates back to the 13th century. It is believed to be a variant of the name Harriott, which is derived from the Old French name Hariette or Haruiet. These names are thought to be diminutive forms of the Germanic name Harry or Henri, meaning "home ruler" or "head of the household."
One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Harriot can be found in the Hundred Rolls of Cambridgeshire in 1273, where it is listed as Haryot. This suggests that the name was already in use in various parts of England during the medieval period.
In the 14th century, the name Harriot appears in several historical records, including the Subsidy Rolls of Yorkshire in 1327, where it is spelled as Hariott. This indicates that the name had spread to different regions of England by that time.
The name Harriot can also be found in the Feet of Fines records for Oxfordshire in 1518, where it is recorded as Haryott. These records were legal documents related to the transfer of land ownership, suggesting that the Harriot family may have held some landholdings in that area during the 16th century.
One notable individual with the surname Harriot was Thomas Harriot (c. 1560-1621), an English mathematician, astronomer, and explorer. He was an influential figure in the development of modern algebra and was among the first Europeans to make detailed observations of the moon through a telescope.
Another notable bearer of the name was John Harriot (1605-1677), an English clergyman and philosopher who served as the chaplain to Charles I and later became the Bishop of Chichester.
In the 18th century, John Harriott (1745-1817) was a British naval officer and explorer who is credited with the discovery of several islands in the Pacific Ocean, including the Marquesas Islands.
Other individuals with the surname Harriot include William Harriot (1790-1862), an English architect who designed several notable buildings in London, and Edward Harriot (1818-1890), a British soldier and writer who served in the Crimean War.
While the surname Harriot is not as common as some other English surnames, it has a rich history dating back to the medieval period and has been associated with notable figures in various fields throughout the centuries.