NameCensus.

UK surname

Bedford

A locational surname derived from various places in England, likely referring to a fort or castle near a river crossing.

In the 1881 census there were 7,107 people recorded with the Bedford surname, ranking it #597 among surnames in the records. By 2016, the modern count was 9,338, ranked #697, down from #597 in 1881.

The strongest historical links point to London parishes, Halifax and St Pancras. In the modern distribution records, the strongest local clusters include Leeds, Fenland and Wakefield.

Across the surname records, the highest recorded count for Bedford is 9,671 in 2014. Compared with 1881, the name has grown by 31.4%.

1881 census count

7,107

Ranked #597

Modern count

9,338

2016, ranked #697

Peak year

2014

9,671 bearers

Map years

9

1851 to 2016

Key insights

  • Bedford had 7,107 recorded bearers in 1881, making it the #597 surname in that year.
  • The latest modern count shown here is 9,338 in 2016, ranked #697.
  • Within the historical census years, the highest count was 9,620 in 1911.
  • The contemporary neighbourhood profile most associated with the surname is Rural Amenity.

Bedford surname distribution map

The map shows where the Bedford surname is concentrated in each census or modern distribution year. Darker areas mean a stronger local concentration.

Distribution map

Bedford surname density by area, 1881 census.

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Lower densityMedium densityHigh density

Timeline

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Bedford over time

The table below tracks recorded surname counts and rank from the 19th-century census years through the modern adult-register period.

Year Period Count Rank
1851 historical 4,569 #618
1861 historical 5,218 #540
1881 historical 7,107 #597
1891 historical 7,727 #577
1901 historical 8,615 #616
1911 historical 9,620 #512
1997 modern 9,214 #680
1998 modern 9,533 #684
1999 modern 9,591 #687
2000 modern 9,520 #690
2001 modern 9,303 #689
2002 modern 9,478 #694
2003 modern 9,306 #690
2004 modern 9,347 #682
2005 modern 9,168 #690
2006 modern 9,215 #678
2007 modern 9,274 #681
2008 modern 9,352 #679
2009 modern 9,580 #676
2010 modern 9,666 #691
2011 modern 9,595 #684
2012 modern 9,441 #680
2013 modern 9,639 #676
2014 modern 9,671 #679
2015 modern 9,457 #686
2016 modern 9,338 #697

Geography

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Where Bedfords are most common

Historical parish links are strongest around London parishes, Halifax, St Pancras and Batley. These are the places where the surname stands out most clearly in the older records.

The modern local-area list points to Leeds, Fenland, Wakefield, East Lindsey and Kirklees. Treat these as concentration signals, not proof that every family line began there.

Some modern areas include a three-digit suffix, such as Leeds 110. The suffix is a small-area code, so it stays in the table while the prose uses the plain place name.

Top historical parishes

Rank Parish Area
1 London parishes London 1
2 Halifax Yorkshire, West Riding
3 London parishes London 3
4 St Pancras London (North Districts)
5 Batley Yorkshire, West Riding

Top modern areas

Rank Area District
1 Leeds 107 Leeds
2 Fenland 006 Fenland
3 Wakefield 010 Wakefield
4 East Lindsey 017 East Lindsey
5 Kirklees 002 Kirklees

Forenames

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First names often paired with Bedford

These lists show first names that appear often with the Bedford surname in historical and recent records.

Modern profile

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Neighbourhood profile for Bedford

Modern surname records can be compared with neighbourhood classifications. For Bedford, this points to the kinds of places where the surname is most concentrated today.

These neighbourhood labels describe areas, not individual people. They are useful because surnames often cluster through family history, migration, housing patterns and local work. A surname can be strongest in one type of neighbourhood even when people with that name live across the country.

The UK classification gives the national picture. The London classification is more specific to the capital, where housing, age profile, tenure and population mix can look quite different from the rest of the UK.

UK neighbourhood type

UK Output Area Classification

Supergroup

Suburbanites and Peri-Urbanities

Group

Rural Amenity

Nationally, the Bedford surname is most associated with neighbourhoods classed as Rural Amenity, within Suburbanites and Peri-Urbanities. This does not mean every Bedford household fits that profile, but it gives a useful signal about where the modern surname distribution is strongest.

Read profile summary

Group profile

This Group comprises older parents or retirees, with no resident dependent children, and with the lowest residential densities in this Supergroup. Predominantly UK-born, residents typically live in detached houses, although others do live in semi-detached and terraced properties. The level of multiple car ownership is the highest in this Supergroup. Most houses are owner occupied although social renting is also present. Many concentrations occur in high amenity rural locations, such as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Wider pattern

Pervasive throughout the UK, members of this Supergroup typically own (or are buying) their detached, semi-detached or terraced homes. They are also typically educated to A Level/Highers or degree level and work in skilled or professional occupations. Typically born in the UK, some families have children, although the median adult age is above 45 and some property has become under-occupied after children have left home. This Supergroup is pervasive not only in suburban locations, but also in neighbourhoods at or beyond the edge of cities that adjoin rural parts of the country.

London neighbourhood type

London Output Area Classification

Supergroup

Older Residents in Owner-Occupied Suburbs

Group

London Fringe

Within London, Bedford is most associated with areas classed as London Fringe, part of Older Residents in Owner-Occupied Suburbs. This gives the surname a London-specific profile rather than forcing the capital into the same pattern as the rest of the country.

Read profile summary

Group profile

Predominantly located in neighbourhoods on the outskirts of Greater London, residents of these neighbourhoods typically have their highest qualifications below degree (Level 4) level, with those still in work engaged in skilled trades and occupations in distribution, hotels and restaurants. There is low ethnic diversity in these neighbourhoods and high levels of Christian religious affiliation. Detached or terraced houses predominate, often with spare rooms.

Wider London pattern

The age distribution of these neighbourhoods is skewed towards the middle-aged and old, although few residents live alone or in communal establishments and numbers of dependent children are around average. Owner occupation is the norm, as is residence in detached or semi-detached houses. Residential densities are low and many households have spare rooms. Most residents were born in the UK and, aside from some identifying as members of Chinese or Indian ethnicities, identify as White. Mixed ethnicity households are rare. Incidence of married couples is higher than average and few individuals have never been married. A large proportion of individuals still in employment work in administrative and secretarial occupations, or in the construction industry. Few residents are students, and many households own more than one car.

Healthy neighbourhoods

Access to healthy assets and hazards

Bedford is most concentrated in decile 6 for access to healthy assets and hazards. This places the surname near the middle of the scale.

Lower deciles point towards weaker access to healthy assets or stronger exposure to local hazards. Higher deciles point towards stronger access and fewer hazards.

6
Lower access Higher access

Neighbourhood deprivation

Index of Multiple Deprivation

Bedford falls in decile 5 for neighbourhood deprivation. This puts the surname near the middle of the scale.

Decile 1 represents the more deprived end of the scale. Decile 10 represents the less deprived end.

5
More deprived Less deprived

Broadband speed

Fixed broadband download speed

The modern neighbourhood pattern for Bedford is most associated with a typical fixed broadband download band of 30-40 mbit/s.

The scale below places that band in context, from slower local download bands through to faster ones.

6
Slower band Faster band

Area snapshot

Ethnic group estimate

Most common ethnic group estimate
White - British

This describes the area pattern most associated with Bedford, not the ethnicity of every person with the surname.

Meaning and origin of Bedford

The surname Bedford originated in England during the medieval period. It is a locational surname, derived from the town of Bedford in Bedfordshire. The name Bedford itself is derived from the Old English words "bed" meaning "bed" or "flat land" and "ford" meaning a shallow place where a river can be crossed.

The earliest known record of the surname Bedford dates back to the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as "Bedeford." This indicates that the name was already in use by the late 11th century. During the Middle Ages, people commonly took surnames based on the places where they lived or originated from, which explains the origin of the name Bedford.

One of the earliest known bearers of the surname was John de Bedford, who was mentioned in the Pipe Rolls of Northamptonshire in 1195. In the 13th century, Robert de Bedford was listed as a landowner in the Hundred Rolls of Bedfordshire in 1279.

The surname Bedford has a long and distinguished history, with several notable individuals bearing the name. One of the most famous was John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (1485-1555), a prominent statesman and military commander during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. Another notable figure was Thomas Bedford (1766-1838), an English writer and educator who founded the first modern secular school in India.

Other notable individuals with the surname Bedford include:

1. Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747-1812), an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. 2. Arthur Bedford (1668-1745), an English naturalist and writer on agriculture. 3. John Bedford (1810-1879), an English cricketer who played for Cambridge University and Surrey. 4. Thomas Bedford (1591-1667), an English Protestant minister and author. 5. William Bedford (1773-1852), an English landscape painter and engraver.

Throughout its history, the surname Bedford has been associated with various place names and has had several spelling variations, such as Bedeford, Bedfort, and Bedforde, reflecting the changes in language and regional dialects over time.

Sourced from namecensus.com.

1881 census detail

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Bedford families in the 1881 census

These tables use 1881 census entries for people recorded with the Bedford surname. Use the location tables for concentration, then the name and occupation tables for the people behind the surname.

Top counties

Total is the county count. Frequency and index adjust for local population size, so they are better concentration signals. Yorkshire leads with 2,468 Bedfords recorded in 1881 and an index of 3.59x.

County Total Index
Yorkshire 2,468 3.59x
Middlesex 904 1.30x
Surrey 386 1.14x
Lancashire 341 0.41x
Hampshire 241 1.70x
Cambridgeshire 201 4.58x
Hertfordshire 162 3.39x
Northamptonshire 157 2.41x
Huntingdonshire 150 10.90x
Warwickshire 150 0.86x
Essex 138 1.01x
Devon 121 0.84x
Lincolnshire 111 1.00x
Leicestershire 109 1.42x
Herefordshire 108 3.80x
Buckinghamshire 107 2.55x
Worcestershire 107 1.18x
Sussex 104 0.89x
Berkshire 103 1.98x
Staffordshire 93 0.40x
Wiltshire 87 1.42x
Gloucestershire 81 0.60x
Kent 81 0.34x
Durham 62 0.30x
Glamorgan 60 0.50x
Derbyshire 57 0.53x
Bedfordshire 56 1.56x
Nottinghamshire 49 0.52x
Somerset 43 0.39x
Norfolk 39 0.37x
Cheshire 30 0.20x
Midlothian 26 0.28x
Northumberland 24 0.23x
Shropshire 24 0.40x
Oxfordshire 21 0.49x
Monmouthshire 19 0.38x
Suffolk 19 0.23x
Carmarthenshire 10 0.34x
Cornwall 8 0.10x
Royal Navy 8 0.97x
Cumberland 7 0.12x
Lanarkshire 7 0.03x
Dorset 5 0.11x
Peeblesshire 5 1.53x
Flintshire 3 0.16x
Radnorshire 3 0.54x
Renfrewshire 3 0.06x
Angus 2 0.03x
Ayrshire 2 0.04x
East Lothian 2 0.22x
Channel Islands 1 0.05x
Denbighshire 1 0.04x

Top districts and towns

Districts give a more local view than counties. Total shows raw records, while frequency and index show local concentration. Islington London in Middlesex leads with 103 Bedfords recorded in 1881 and an index of 1.53x.

Place Total Index
Islington London 103 1.53x
East Ardsley 94 158.01x
St Pancras London 93 1.67x
Alverthorpe Cum Thornes 90 36.08x
West Ardsley 85 102.82x
Birmingham 83 1.42x
Hinckley 77 42.24x
Halifax 76 7.54x
Wakefield 73 13.84x
Gildersome 69 83.57x
Leeds 67 1.73x
Lambeth 66 1.09x
West Clayton 62 181.82x
Shoreditch London 61 2.03x
Hunslet 60 5.60x
Sheffield 56 2.56x
Rothwell 55 39.64x
Kensington London 51 1.32x
Ovenden 50 16.36x
Shitlington 50 70.35x
Morley 49 13.72x
Whittlesey St Mary St 48 31.30x
Battersea 47 1.84x
Dewsbury 45 6.39x
Hackney London 45 1.16x
Barnsley 44 6.21x
Benwick 44 227.51x
Bethnal Green London 43 1.43x
Warley 41 20.65x
Huddersfield 40 4.00x
Skircoat 39 14.40x
Northchurch 38 74.48x
St Marylebone London 38 1.03x
Aston 37 0.77x
Berkhampstead 37 34.44x
Camberwell 37 0.84x
Kingston On Thames 37 4.56x
Newington 36 1.41x
Warboys 36 90.52x
Prestwich 33 16.08x
Cogenhoe 31 373.49x
Portsea 31 1.11x
Thornhill 31 15.47x
West Ham 31 1.03x
Worsbrough 31 15.40x
Brighton 30 1.27x
Kingswinford 30 3.53x
Bermondsey 29 1.41x
Brightside Bierlow 29 2.15x
Salford 29 1.20x
Bromley London 28 1.84x
Clerkenwell London 28 1.71x
Paddington London 28 1.10x
Poplar London 27 2.06x
Wortley In Bramley 26 4.78x
Chelsea London 25 1.20x
Emley 25 81.43x
Holbeck 24 5.27x
Kenn 24 106.81x
Leominster 24 20.40x
Midgley 24 32.79x
Tewkesbury 24 19.78x
Stanley Cum Wrenthorpe 23 7.21x
Templenewsam 23 46.25x
Titchfield 23 21.48x
Chatteris 22 19.64x
Mile End Old Town London 22 1.49x
Batley 21 3.22x
Drighlington 21 20.99x
Hound 21 21.78x
Nether Hallam 21 2.26x
Northampton Priory St 21 5.37x
St George Hanover Square 21 1.72x
Caddington 20 38.05x
Castleton 20 2.43x
Gomersal 20 6.24x
Liversedge 20 6.54x
Methley 20 20.68x
Toxteth Park 20 0.72x
Woking 20 9.83x

Top female names

These are the female first names most often recorded with the Bedford surname in 1881. Names are not merged, so initials, variant spellings and transcription quirks can appear as separate rows.

Name Count
Mary 445
Sarah 315
Elizabeth 267
Emma 148
Eliza 140
Ann 137
Jane 135
Annie 114
Alice 103
Emily 79
Ellen 76
Martha 73
Hannah 71
Louisa 64
Harriet 61
Charlotte 51
Maria 51
Ada 49
Clara 46
Caroline 44
Margaret 42
Kate 41
Edith 40
Florence 37
Lucy 37
Fanny 36
Harriett 34
Catherine 29
Frances 28
Susan 27
Anne 26
Agnes 22
Rose 21
Rebecca 20
Minnie 19
Amelia 14
Ruth 14
Amy 13
Esther 13
Matilda 13
Betsy 12
Isabella 12
Laura 12
Rachel 12
Sophia 12
Eleanor 11
Elizth. 11
Jessie 11
Ethel 10
Gertrude 10

Top male names

These are the male first names most often recorded with the Bedford surname in 1881. Names are not merged, so initials, variant spellings and transcription quirks can appear as separate rows.

Name Count
William 396
John 368
George 252
Thomas 208
James 184
Joseph 150
Henry 144
Charles 139
Arthur 90
Edward 68
Walter 65
Alfred 64
Robert 62
Samuel 57
Richard 56
Harry 52
Albert 48
Frank 46
Frederick 40
Francis 33
Ernest 31
David 30
Fred 28
Tom 27
Herbert 23
Benjamin 22
Edwin 21
Thos. 20
Wm. 20
Daniel 14
Percy 14
Fredk. 13
Geo. 13
Isaac 12
Joe 12
Willie 11
Peter 10
Matthew 9
Sidney 9
Chas. 8
Fredrick 8
Israel 8
Reuben 8
Sam 8
Squire 8
Aaron 7
Jonathan 7
Levi 7
Jno. 6
Stephen 6

FAQ

Bedford surname: questions and answers

How common was the Bedford surname in 1881?

In 1881, 7,107 people were recorded with the Bedford surname. That placed it at #597 in the surname rankings for that year.

How common is the Bedford surname today?

The latest modern count shown here is 9,338 in 2016. That gives Bedford a modern rank of #697.

What does the Bedford surname mean?

A locational surname derived from various places in England, likely referring to a fort or castle near a river crossing.

What does the Bedford map show?

The map shows local surname concentration for the selected year. Darker areas have a stronger concentration of Bedford bearers relative to the surrounding population.

What records is this surname page based on?

The historical counts come from census surname records. The modern counts and neighbourhood summaries come from later surname distribution records. Counts are recorded bearers in those records, not a live estimate of everyone with the name today.